Apache自帶的性能測(cè)試工具ab的使用

小弟在學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)一個(gè)測(cè)試團(tuán)隊(duì)，為學(xué)校的項(xiàng)目做測(cè)試，其間有些膚淺的作品，還請(qǐng)各位前輩多多指導(dǎo)^__^

1 概述

ab（ApacheBench）是Apache自帶的超文本傳輸協(xié)議(HTTP)性能測(cè)試工具。 其設(shè)計(jì)意圖是描繪當(dāng)前所安裝的Apache的執(zhí)行性能， 主要是顯示你安裝的Apache每秒可以處理多少個(gè)請(qǐng)求。

2 使用

2.1 安裝

Apache服務(wù)器套件自帶ab，只要安裝Apache即可，無(wú)需另行安裝ab。ab位于%ApacheHome%/bin目錄下（“%ApacheHome%”為Aapche安裝路徑），你也可以把a(bǔ)b.exe文件copy出來(lái)，獨(dú)立使用。

2.2 參數(shù)列表

C:>ab
ab: wrong number of arguments
Usage: ab [options] [http://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
  -n requests   Number of requests to perform
  -c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make
  -t timelimit   Seconds to max. wait for responses
  -p postfile   File containing data to POST
  -T content-type Content-type header for POSTing
  -v verbosity   How much troubleshooting info to print
  -w         Print out results in HTML tables
  -i         Use HEAD instead of GET
  -x attributes   String to insert as table attributes
  -y attributes   String to insert as tr attributes
  -z attributes   String to insert as td or th attributes
  -C attribute   Add cookie， eg. 'Apache=1234. (repeatable)
  -H attribute   Add Arbitrary header line， eg. 'Aclearcase/" target="_blank" >ccept-Encoding: gzip'

            Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
  -A attribute   Add Basic WWW Authentication， the attributes
            are a colon separated username and password.
  -P attribute   Add Basic Proxy Authentication， the attributes
            are a colon separated username and password.
  -X proxy:port   Proxyserver and port number to use
  -V         Print version number and exit
  -k         Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
  -d         Do not show percentiles served table.
  -S         Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
  -g filename   Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
  -e filename   Output CSV file with percentages served
  -h         Display usage information (this message)

* 中文的列表可以查看Apache手冊(cè)中文版。
以上參數(shù)常用的是-n 在測(cè)試會(huì)話中所執(zhí)行的請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)；和-c 一次同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的并發(fā)請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)。

2.3 實(shí)例

假設(shè)我們要測(cè)試一個(gè)PHP論壇系統(tǒng)，其中一個(gè)性能測(cè)試用例是：“同時(shí)處理50個(gè)并發(fā)請(qǐng)求并運(yùn)行 1000 次index.php 首頁(yè)”，我們可以在cmd shell中輸入 ab -n 1000 -c 50 http://172.16.11.180:88/bbs/index.php，運(yùn)行結(jié)束后，ab會(huì)自動(dòng)顯示測(cè)試結(jié)果，如下：

E:WebserApache2in>ab -n 1000 -c 50 http://172.16.11.180:88/bbs/index.php
This is ApacheBench， Version 2.0.41-dev <$Revision: 1.121.2.12 $> apache-2.0
Copyright (c) 1996 Adam Twiss， Zeus Technology Ltd， http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright (c) 1998-2002 The Apache Software Foundation， http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 172.16.11.180 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Completed 200 requests
Completed 300 requests
Completed 400 requests
Completed 500 requests
Completed 600 requests
Completed 700 requests
Completed 800 requests
Completed 900 requests
Finished 1000 requests

Server Software:     Apache
Server Hostname:     172.16.11.180
Server Port:         88

Document Path:       /bbs/index.php
Document Length:     36962 bytes

Concurrency Level:     50
Time taken for tests:   262.515625 seconds
Complete requests:     1000
Failed requests:     198
  (Connect: 0， Length: 198， Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:       0
Total transferred:     37408432 bytes
HTML transferred:     36967364 bytes
Requests per second:   3.81 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:     13125.781 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:     262.516 [ms] (mean， across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:       139.16 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
        min mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:     0   1   4.5     0     15
Processing:   297 12818 2427.6 12921   30578
Waiting:     281 12801 2427.6 12906   30562
Total:     312 12820 2427.5 12921   30578

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 12921
66% 13203
75% 13453
80% 13546
90% 13781
95% 14156
98% 14750
99% 18328
30578 (longest request)

以上結(jié)果指出，在并發(fā)50個(gè)請(qǐng)求的情況下，完成1000次的訪問(wèn)請(qǐng)求，共花了262.515秒，這個(gè)程序每秒可處理3.81個(gè)請(qǐng)求。

2.4 問(wèn)題

在實(shí)際使用中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)-c 參數(shù)，即一次同時(shí)產(chǎn)生的并發(fā)請(qǐng)求個(gè)數(shù)多設(shè)置成64，大于等于65會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，不知道為什么。

3 資料

ab官方網(wǎng)站：http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/ab.html
Apache 2.0手冊(cè)中文版翻譯項(xiàng)目ab部分：https://support.iap.ac.cn/net/ApacheManual/zh-cn/programs/ab.html